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How an LED Emits Light

Step through the physics of a light-emitting diode — from the unbiased p-n junction to photon emission. Adjust voltage and material to see how the semiconductor bandgap determines emission colour.

Holes (h⁺)
Electrons (e⁻)
Acceptor ions (−)
Donor ions (+)
Photons (γ)

Step 1 — The Unbiased Junction

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